ISM‑86 combines empirically grounded scales (Big Five, SDT, attachment‑adjacent items) with interpretive overlays (Jungian/MBTI, Enneagram, Attitudinal Psyche). The overlays are presented as best‑fit readings derived from patterns in responses. This is not a diagnostic tool.
Each scale is an average of selected items (1–7). Some items are reverse‑scored. Confidence badges appear when signal separation is strong (e.g., top function clearly exceeds alternatives).
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Some typings are close calls. ISM-86 surfaces nearby alternatives and lets users resolve them after seeing results. This updates the interpretation layer (narrative + reading list) without changing raw responses.